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Viking raids and Scottish kings: the twin fates of the Picts
| Date | Key events |
| 820 | Onuist II son of Uurguist (r. 820–34) succeeds Constantín as king of Picts and Gaels. Dupplin Cross is erected at Forteviot to commemorate Constantín. |
| 839 | Battle of Strathearn, in which Picts suffer a massive defeat at the hands of the Norse. |
| 844 | Cináed son of Alpin (r. 841–57), a Gael, lord of Kintyre, seizes royal power over both Gaels and Picts. |
| 849 | Cináed brings relics of Columba from Iona to Dunkeld, and transfers the Stone of Destiny, perhaps from Kintyre or Dunadd, to Scone. |
| 875 | Halfdan (d. c. 877), Danish Viking king of York, attacks the Picts and the Strathclyde Britons. |
| 875 | Battle of Dollar, another heavy defeat for the Picts led by Cináed’s son Constantín (r. 862–77), at the hands of the Norse. |
| 877 | Constantín is killed on a beach near Inverdovat (Fife) in a final disastrous battle with the Norse. |
| 889 | Cináed’s grandson Domnall (r. 889–900) is the first to hold the title King of Alba, another step towards the merging of the old kingdoms of Dál Riata and the Picts. |
| 906 | Constantín son of Aed (r. 900–43), adopts Gaelic church law at a meeting near Scone. |